Includes 1 items: Plasma Puncher.

Freehand cut of a thick steel plateThe basic plasma cutting process involves creating an electrical channel of superheated, electrically ionized gas i.e. From the plasma cutter itself, through the work piece to be cut, thus forming a completed back to the plasma cutter through a. This is accomplished by a (oxygen, air, inert and others depending on material being cut) which is blown through a focused nozzle at high speed toward the work piece. An is then formed within the gas, between an electrode near or integrated into the gas nozzle and the work piece itself. The electrical arc ionizes some of the gas, thereby creating an electrically conductive channel of plasma.

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As electricity from the cutter torch travels down this plasma it delivers sufficient heat to melt through the work piece. At the same time, much of the high velocity plasma and compressed gas blow the hot molten metal away, thereby separating, i.e. Cutting through, the work piece.Plasma cutting is an effective way of cutting thin and thick materials alike. Hand-held torches can usually cut up to 38 mm (1.5 in) thick steel plate, and stronger computer-controlled torches can cut steel up to 150 mm (6 in) thick. Since plasma cutters produce a very hot and very localized 'cone' to cut with, they are extremely useful for cutting in curved or angled shapes.How are the arcs generated?

It usually starts the arc without contact with the workpiece in a three step process. A high voltage spark briefly ionizes the air within the torch head. This makes the air conductive and allows the 'pilot arc' to form.

The pilot arc forms within the torch head, with current flowing from the electrode to the nozzle inside the torch head. The pilot arc burns up the nozzle, a consumable part, while in this phase. The air then blows the plasma out the nozzle towards the work, providing a current path from the electrode to the work. When the control system senses current flowing from the electrode to the work, it cuts the electrical connection to the nozzle. Current then flows from the electrode to the work, and the arc forms outside the nozzle.

Cutting can then proceed, without burning up the nozzle. Nozzle life is limited by the number of arc starts, not cutting time.History.

Plasma cutting with a tilting headPlasma cutting grew out of in the 1960s, and emerged as a very productive way to cut sheet metal and plate in the 1980s. It had the advantages over traditional 'metal against metal' cutting of producing no metal chips, giving accurate cuts, and producing a cleaner edge than. Early plasma cutters were large, somewhat slow and expensive and, therefore, tended to be dedicated to repeating cutting patterns in a 'mass production' mode.As with other machine tools, CNC (computer numerical control) technology was applied to plasma cutting machines in the late 1980s into the 1990s, giving plasma cutting machines greater flexibility to cut diverse shapes 'on demand' based on a set of instructions that were programmed into the machine's numerical control. These CNC plasma cutting machines were, however, generally limited to cutting patterns and parts in flat sheets of steel, using only two axis of motion (referred to as X Y cutting).Safety Proper eye protection and face shields are needed to prevent eye damage called as well as damage from debris. It is recommended to use green lens shade #5.

OSHA recommends a shade 8 for arc current less than 300 A, but notes that 'These values apply where the actual arc is clearly seen. Experience has shown that lighter filters may be used when the arc is hidden by the workpiece.' Lincoln Electric, a manufacturer of plasma cutting equipment, says, 'Typically a darkness shade of #7 to #9 is acceptable.' Longevity Global, Inc., another manufacturer, offers this more specific table for Eye Protection for Plasma Arc Cutting at lower amperages: CurrentMinimum Shade(ANSI Z87.1+)0–20 A#420–40 A#540–60 A#660–80 A#8Leather gloves, an apron and a jacket are also recommended to prevent burns from sparks and hot metal. Working in a clean area free of flammable liquids, materials and gases is very important.

Sparks and hot metal from a plasma cutter can quickly cause fires if they are not isolated from flammable objects. Plasma cutters can send hot sparks flying up to 5 feet away in certain situations. The operator of the machine is typically blind to any fire that has started because they are behind their face shield. Take safety precautions to make sure your work area is free of fire hazards. Starting methods Plasma cutters use a number of methods to start the arc. In some units, the arc is created by putting the torch in contact with the work piece.

Some cutters use a high voltage, high frequency circuit to start the arc. This method has a number of disadvantages, including risk of electrocution, difficulty of repair, spark gap maintenance, and the large amount of emissions. Plasma cutters working near sensitive electronics, such as CNC hardware or computers, start the pilot arc by other means. The nozzle and electrode are in contact. The nozzle is the, and the electrode is the. When the plasma gas begins to flow, the nozzle is blown forward. A third, less common method is capacitive discharge into the primary circuit via a.Inverter plasma cutters.

Plasma cuttingAnalog plasma cutters, typically requiring more than 2 kilowatts, use a heavy mains-frequency transformer. Inverter plasma cutters rectify the mains supply to DC, which is fed into a high-frequency transistor inverter between 10 kHz to about 200 kHz. Higher switching frequencies allow smaller transformer resulting in overall size and weight reduction.The transistors used were initially, but are now increasingly using. With paralleled MOSFETs, if one of the transistors activates prematurely it can lead to a of one quarter of the inverter. A later invention, IGBTs, are not as subject to this failure mode. IGBTs can be generally found in high current machines where it is not possible to parallel sufficient MOSFET transistors.The topology is referred to as a dual transistor off-line forward converter.

Although lighter and more powerful, some inverter plasma cutters, especially those without, cannot be run from a generator (that means manufacturer of the inverter unit forbids doing so; it is only valid for small, light portable generators). However newer models have internal circuitry that allow units without power factor correction to run on light power generators.CNC cutting methods Some plasma cutter manufacturers build cutting tables, and some have the cutter built into the table. CNC tables allow a computer to control the torch head producing clean sharp cuts. Modern CNC plasma equipment is capable of multi-axis cutting of thick material, allowing opportunities for complex welding seams that are not possible otherwise. For thinner material, plasma cutting is being progressively replaced by, due mainly to the laser cutter's superior hole-cutting abilities.A specialized use of CNC Plasma Cutters has been in the industry. Software processes information on and creates flat patterns to be cut on the cutting table by the plasma torch.

This technology has enormously increased productivity within the industry since its introduction in the early 1980s.CNC Plasma Cutters are also used in many workshops to create decorative metalwork. For instance, commercial and residential signage, wall art, address signs, and outdoor garden art.In recent years there has been even more development. Traditionally the machines' cutting tables were horizontal, but now vertical CNC plasma cutting machines are available, providing for a smaller footprint, increased flexibility, optimum safety and faster operation.CNC plasma cutting configurations There are 3 main configurations of CNC Plasma Cutting, and they are largely differentiated by the forms of materials before processing, and the flexibility of the cutting head.2-dimensional / 2-axis plasma cutting This is the most common and conventional form of CNC Plasma Cutting. Producing flat profiles, where the cut edges are at 90 degrees to the material surface. High powered cnc plasma cutting beds are configured in this way, able to cut profiles from metal plate up to 150 mm thick. 3-dimensional / 3+ Axis plasma cutting Once again, a process for producing flat profiles from sheet or plate metal, however with the introduction of an additional axis of rotation, the cutting head of a CNC plasma cutting machine can tilt whilst being taken through a conventional 2-dimensional cutting path.

The result of this is cut edges at an angle other than 90 degrees to the material surface, for example 30-45 degree angles. This angle is continuous throughout the thickness of the material. This is typically applied in situations where the profile being cut is to be used as part of a welded fabrication as the angled edge forms part of the weld preparation.

When the weld preparation is applied during the CNC plasma cutting process, secondary operations such as grinding or machining can be avoided, reducing cost. The angular cutting capability of 3-dimensional plasma cutting can also be used to create countersunk holes and chamfer edges of profiled holes.Tube and section plasma cutting Used in the processing of tube, pipe or any form of long section. The plasma cutting head usually remains stationary whilst the workpiece is fed through, and rotated around its longitudinal axis.

There are some configurations where, as with 3-dimensional plasma cutting, the cutting head can tilt and rotate. This allows angled cuts to be made through the thickness of the tube or section, commonly taken advantage of in the fabrication of process pipework where cut pipe can be provided with a weld preparation in place of a straight edge.New technology. High performance cutIn the past decade plasma torch manufacturers have engineered new models with a smaller nozzle and a thinner plasma arc. This allows near-laser precision on plasma cut edges. Several manufacturers have combined precision CNC control with these torches to allow fabricators to produce parts that require little or no finishing.The transistors used were initially MOSFETs, but are now increasingly using IGBTs. With paralleled MOSFETs, if one of the transistors activates prematurely it can lead to a cascading failure of one quarter of the inverter.

A later invention, IGBTs, are not as subject to this failure mode. IGBTs can be generally found in high current machines where it is not possible to parallel sufficient MOSFET transistors.Costs Plasma torches were once quite expensive.

For this reason they were usually only found in professional welding shops and very well-stocked private garages and shops. However, modern plasma torches are becoming cheaper, and now are within the price range of many hobbyists, less than $300. Older units may be very heavy, but still portable, while some newer ones with technology weigh only a little, yet equal or exceed the capacities of older ones. See also.References.

Freehand cut of a thick steel plateThe basic plasma cutting process involves creating an electrical channel of superheated, electrically ionized gas i.e. From the plasma cutter itself, through the work piece to be cut, thus forming a completed back to the plasma cutter through a.

This is accomplished by a (oxygen, air, inert and others depending on material being cut) which is blown through a focused nozzle at high speed toward the work piece. An is then formed within the gas, between an electrode near or integrated into the gas nozzle and the work piece itself. The electrical arc ionizes some of the gas, thereby creating an electrically conductive channel of plasma.

As electricity from the cutter torch travels down this plasma it delivers sufficient heat to melt through the work piece. At the same time, much of the high velocity plasma and compressed gas blow the hot molten metal away, thereby separating, i.e. Cutting through, the work piece.Plasma cutting is an effective way of cutting thin and thick materials alike. Hand-held torches can usually cut up to 38 mm (1.5 in) thick steel plate, and stronger computer-controlled torches can cut steel up to 150 mm (6 in) thick.

Since plasma cutters produce a very hot and very localized 'cone' to cut with, they are extremely useful for cutting in curved or angled shapes.How are the arcs generated? It usually starts the arc without contact with the workpiece in a three step process. A high voltage spark briefly ionizes the air within the torch head.

This makes the air conductive and allows the 'pilot arc' to form. The pilot arc forms within the torch head, with current flowing from the electrode to the nozzle inside the torch head. The pilot arc burns up the nozzle, a consumable part, while in this phase. The air then blows the plasma out the nozzle towards the work, providing a current path from the electrode to the work. When the control system senses current flowing from the electrode to the work, it cuts the electrical connection to the nozzle.

Current then flows from the electrode to the work, and the arc forms outside the nozzle. Cutting can then proceed, without burning up the nozzle. Nozzle life is limited by the number of arc starts, not cutting time.History. Plasma cutting with a tilting headPlasma cutting grew out of in the 1960s, and emerged as a very productive way to cut sheet metal and plate in the 1980s. It had the advantages over traditional 'metal against metal' cutting of producing no metal chips, giving accurate cuts, and producing a cleaner edge than.

Early plasma cutters were large, somewhat slow and expensive and, therefore, tended to be dedicated to repeating cutting patterns in a 'mass production' mode.As with other machine tools, CNC (computer numerical control) technology was applied to plasma cutting machines in the late 1980s into the 1990s, giving plasma cutting machines greater flexibility to cut diverse shapes 'on demand' based on a set of instructions that were programmed into the machine's numerical control. These CNC plasma cutting machines were, however, generally limited to cutting patterns and parts in flat sheets of steel, using only two axis of motion (referred to as X Y cutting).Safety Proper eye protection and face shields are needed to prevent eye damage called as well as damage from debris. It is recommended to use green lens shade #5.

OSHA recommends a shade 8 for arc current less than 300 A, but notes that 'These values apply where the actual arc is clearly seen. Experience has shown that lighter filters may be used when the arc is hidden by the workpiece.' Lincoln Electric, a manufacturer of plasma cutting equipment, says, 'Typically a darkness shade of #7 to #9 is acceptable.' Longevity Global, Inc., another manufacturer, offers this more specific table for Eye Protection for Plasma Arc Cutting at lower amperages: CurrentMinimum Shade(ANSI Z87.1+)0–20 A#420–40 A#540–60 A#660–80 A#8Leather gloves, an apron and a jacket are also recommended to prevent burns from sparks and hot metal. Working in a clean area free of flammable liquids, materials and gases is very important. Sparks and hot metal from a plasma cutter can quickly cause fires if they are not isolated from flammable objects. Plasma cutters can send hot sparks flying up to 5 feet away in certain situations.

The operator of the machine is typically blind to any fire that has started because they are behind their face shield. Take safety precautions to make sure your work area is free of fire hazards. Starting methods Plasma cutters use a number of methods to start the arc. In some units, the arc is created by putting the torch in contact with the work piece. Some cutters use a high voltage, high frequency circuit to start the arc. This method has a number of disadvantages, including risk of electrocution, difficulty of repair, spark gap maintenance, and the large amount of emissions. Plasma cutters working near sensitive electronics, such as CNC hardware or computers, start the pilot arc by other means.

The nozzle and electrode are in contact. The nozzle is the, and the electrode is the. When the plasma gas begins to flow, the nozzle is blown forward. A third, less common method is capacitive discharge into the primary circuit via a.Inverter plasma cutters. Plasma cuttingAnalog plasma cutters, typically requiring more than 2 kilowatts, use a heavy mains-frequency transformer.

Inverter plasma cutters rectify the mains supply to DC, which is fed into a high-frequency transistor inverter between 10 kHz to about 200 kHz. Higher switching frequencies allow smaller transformer resulting in overall size and weight reduction.The transistors used were initially, but are now increasingly using. With paralleled MOSFETs, if one of the transistors activates prematurely it can lead to a of one quarter of the inverter. A later invention, IGBTs, are not as subject to this failure mode. IGBTs can be generally found in high current machines where it is not possible to parallel sufficient MOSFET transistors.The topology is referred to as a dual transistor off-line forward converter. Although lighter and more powerful, some inverter plasma cutters, especially those without, cannot be run from a generator (that means manufacturer of the inverter unit forbids doing so; it is only valid for small, light portable generators). However newer models have internal circuitry that allow units without power factor correction to run on light power generators.CNC cutting methods Some plasma cutter manufacturers build cutting tables, and some have the cutter built into the table.

CNC tables allow a computer to control the torch head producing clean sharp cuts. Modern CNC plasma equipment is capable of multi-axis cutting of thick material, allowing opportunities for complex welding seams that are not possible otherwise. For thinner material, plasma cutting is being progressively replaced by, due mainly to the laser cutter's superior hole-cutting abilities.A specialized use of CNC Plasma Cutters has been in the industry. Software processes information on and creates flat patterns to be cut on the cutting table by the plasma torch. This technology has enormously increased productivity within the industry since its introduction in the early 1980s.CNC Plasma Cutters are also used in many workshops to create decorative metalwork.

For instance, commercial and residential signage, wall art, address signs, and outdoor garden art.In recent years there has been even more development. Traditionally the machines' cutting tables were horizontal, but now vertical CNC plasma cutting machines are available, providing for a smaller footprint, increased flexibility, optimum safety and faster operation.CNC plasma cutting configurations There are 3 main configurations of CNC Plasma Cutting, and they are largely differentiated by the forms of materials before processing, and the flexibility of the cutting head.2-dimensional / 2-axis plasma cutting This is the most common and conventional form of CNC Plasma Cutting. Producing flat profiles, where the cut edges are at 90 degrees to the material surface. High powered cnc plasma cutting beds are configured in this way, able to cut profiles from metal plate up to 150 mm thick. 3-dimensional / 3+ Axis plasma cutting Once again, a process for producing flat profiles from sheet or plate metal, however with the introduction of an additional axis of rotation, the cutting head of a CNC plasma cutting machine can tilt whilst being taken through a conventional 2-dimensional cutting path. The result of this is cut edges at an angle other than 90 degrees to the material surface, for example 30-45 degree angles. This angle is continuous throughout the thickness of the material.

This is typically applied in situations where the profile being cut is to be used as part of a welded fabrication as the angled edge forms part of the weld preparation. When the weld preparation is applied during the CNC plasma cutting process, secondary operations such as grinding or machining can be avoided, reducing cost. The angular cutting capability of 3-dimensional plasma cutting can also be used to create countersunk holes and chamfer edges of profiled holes.Tube and section plasma cutting Used in the processing of tube, pipe or any form of long section. The plasma cutting head usually remains stationary whilst the workpiece is fed through, and rotated around its longitudinal axis.

There are some configurations where, as with 3-dimensional plasma cutting, the cutting head can tilt and rotate. This allows angled cuts to be made through the thickness of the tube or section, commonly taken advantage of in the fabrication of process pipework where cut pipe can be provided with a weld preparation in place of a straight edge.New technology. High performance cutIn the past decade plasma torch manufacturers have engineered new models with a smaller nozzle and a thinner plasma arc. This allows near-laser precision on plasma cut edges. Several manufacturers have combined precision CNC control with these torches to allow fabricators to produce parts that require little or no finishing.The transistors used were initially MOSFETs, but are now increasingly using IGBTs. With paralleled MOSFETs, if one of the transistors activates prematurely it can lead to a cascading failure of one quarter of the inverter. A later invention, IGBTs, are not as subject to this failure mode.

IGBTs can be generally found in high current machines where it is not possible to parallel sufficient MOSFET transistors.Costs Plasma torches were once quite expensive. For this reason they were usually only found in professional welding shops and very well-stocked private garages and shops. However, modern plasma torches are becoming cheaper, and now are within the price range of many hobbyists, less than $300.

Older units may be very heavy, but still portable, while some newer ones with technology weigh only a little, yet equal or exceed the capacities of older ones. See also.References.